• Policy Analysis
    Regional Relations and Geopolitics

    The Far East Pivots to the Middle East 

    Jan 3, 2024Nabeel A. Khoury

    The phrase “Pivot to the East,” popularized during the Obama administration, signified a realization of the rising importance of China and of growing US intere…

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Arouri’s Assassination Will Achieve Nothing

    Jan 3, 2024Imad K. Harb

    In its pursuit of Hamas leaders, an Israeli drone has assassinated Saleh al-Arouri, the Deputy Chairman of Hamas’s Political Bureau, a senior official in the o…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Russia and China on Gaza: Sidelined, Lurking—or Winning?

    Dec 22, 2023Charles W. Dunne

    It wasn’t that long ago that Russia and China seemed to dominate the Middle East, and the United States was on the brink of relegation to the sidelines.Russia …

  • Policy Analysis
    Climate and Environment

    COP28: Achievements Fall Short of the Goal

    Dec 21, 2023Afrah Nasser

    The recently concluded United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai, otherwise known as COP28, marked a significant moment in global efforts to address cl…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    The Israel-Hamas War in American Politics

    Any rational discourse in the United States about the Israel-Hamas war increasingly has been subject to political litmus tests, as Israel supporters and Republ…

  • Policy Analysis
    LebanonConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Lebanon’s Political Forces Oppose a War with Israel

    Dec 20, 2023Patricia Karam

    With a heightened risk of the Gaza war spilling over into Lebanon, currently mired in acute political, economic, and social crises, the country’s politicians v…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelInternational Law

    The Case for Prosecuting Israel for Genocide in Gaza

    Dec 14, 2023Jonathan Kuttab

    The current Israeli war on Gaza has given rise to questions about whether it is possible to invoke the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Shifting the Paradigm: The One-State Solution as a Path to Peace

    Dec 14, 2023Samer Elchahabi

    The current round of Israeli-Palestinian fighting, marked by the deaths of some 1,200 people in Israel and more than 18,000 Palestinians in Gaza, as well as th…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Criminal Injustice in the “Court of Occupation”: Palestinian Prisoners in Israeli Jails

    Dec 13, 2023Yara M. Asi

    Ahed Tamimi was just 16 when she was first arrested by Israel, after kicking and shoving two Israeli soldiers who raided her village in the occupied West Bank …

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    Are Israel and the United States on a Collision Course?

    Dec 13, 2023Daniel Brumberg

    In a December 8 story that seems to have received little attention in western press coverage of Israel’s expanding military campaign in Gaza was this nugget of…

  • Policy Analysis
    LevantIdentity Politics and Sectarianization

    Is Anti-Zionism a Form of Anti-Semitism?

    Dec 9, 2023Azmi Bishara

    A bipartisan group of House members proposed HR 6578, that, if passed, would create a “Commission to Study Acts of Antisemitism in the United States.” This com…

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Expand the Arab Peace Initiative to Increase Its Chances of Success

    Dec 7, 2023Rami G. Khouri

    Some in the Arab region and the international community seem to expect that after the Israeli war on Gaza and the destruction of most life systems in the Strip…

  • Policy Analysis
    EgyptConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Egypt Muddles Through the Crisis in Gaza

    Dec 6, 2023Imad K. Harb

    Egypt has considered the Gaza Strip to be a soft underbelly since it ruled it prior to 1967, but also after it regained control of the Sinai Peninsula from Isr…

  • Policy Analysis
    YemenConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Assessing Yemen as a Second Front in the Gaza War

    Nov 30, 2023Nabeel A. Khoury

    On November 19, Yemen’s Houthis hijacked a cargo ship indirectly linked to Israel as it was traveling in the Red Sea. Much like their firing of missiles toward…

  • Policy Analysis
    TurkeyRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Erdoğan, Gaza, and Turkey’s Regional Reconciliation

    Nov 30, 2023Salim Çevik

    Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's first statements following the October 7 Hamas attack on Israel and the subsequent Israeli war on the Gaza Strip were …

  • Policy Analysis
    IranRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Hamas’s “Al-Aqsa Flood” Challenges Iran’s Axis of Resistance

    Nov 27, 2023Daniel Brumberg

    While the Biden administration, with Qatar’s support, has succeeded in securing a deal with Israel and Hamas for a combat “pause,” it remains to be seen if thi…

  • Policy Analysis
    The Arabian Peninsula and The GulfRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    GCC States and the War on Gaza: Positions, Perceptions, and Interests

    The war on Gaza has for all intents and purposes reinstated the centrality of the Palestinian issue to the regional and international politics of the Middle Ea…

  • External Readings
    Palestine/IsraelEnergy and Economics

    Israel’s Central Bank Governor Tries to Assure International Markets

    Nov 21, 2023Barhoum Jaraisi

    Last October, at a conference of the International Monetary Fund in the United States, the Governor of the Central Bank of Israel Amir Yaron sought to reassure…

  • Viewpoint
    LebanonConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Hezbollah Reluctantly Awaits Israel’s Decision on War

    Nov 17, 2023Imad K. Harb

    The frontline on the Lebanese-Israeli border continues to witness the real skirmishes of an undeclared war between Israel and Hezbollah. Reciprocal attacks bet…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    Gaza, the Ruin of US Policy, and a Transformed Middle East

    Nov 16, 2023Charles W. Dunne

    The Biden administration must act quickly and offer specific plans and timelines to shape post-conflict expectations and establish its priorities with the part…

  • Policy Analysis
    LevantUS Foreign Policy

    US Military Presence in the Middle East: Deterrence and Retaliation

    The United States has recently bolstered its military presence in the Middle East as the Israeli war on Gaza escalated. Bolstering this presence is meant to de…

  • Policy Analysis
    IraqDemocracy and Governance

    A Year of Mixed Results for Iraq’s Sudani

    Nov 8, 2023Rend Al-Rahim

    Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shi`a al-Sudani completed his first year in office on October 27 with a mixed record of successes and failures owing to objective…

  • Policy Analysis
    SyriaRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Does Syria Have a Role in the Israel-Hamas Conflict?

    Nov 6, 2023Patricia Karam

    As the war between Israel and Hamas rages, the Middle East is bracing for a wider, multi-front regional conflict that will have serious repercussions for the g…

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Nasrallah Steers Clear of War

    Nov 3, 2023Imad K. Harb

    Where is Hezbollah and its General Secretary Hassan Nasrallah? This was a natural refrain over almost the last four weeks, voiced by many observers and partisa…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Jordan Sees the War on Gaza in Existential Terms

    Nov 2, 2023Curtis Ryan

    Like other countries in the Middle East and around the world, Jordan has been rocked to its very core by the devastating news about the Gaza Strip and the late…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Gaza and the Harbingers of Future Conflict

    Oct 30, 2023Nabeel A. Khoury

    The shock of civilian deaths in the latest Israel-Hamas conflagration is both a marker and a warning. It is a marker because for the first time Palestinians to…

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelGlobal Health and Health Policy

    Palestinians Are Denied Humanity, Even after Death

    Oct 30, 2023Yara M. Asi

    On October 25, 2023, US President Joe Biden made the stunning and unprecedented statement that he had “no confidence in the number that the Palestinians are us…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelGlobal Health and Health Policy

    “An Open-Air Graveyard”: The Unfolding Health Catastrophe in the Gaza Strip

    Oct 27, 2023Yara M. Asi

    It is impossible to count the number of reports, studies, press releases, and statements that have reported the unbearable conditions of life for Palestinians …

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelInternational Law

    Israel, Gaza, and the Laws of War

    Oct 27, 2023Jonathan Kuttab

    Addressing his troops as they amass to attack the Gaza Strip, Israel’s Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant publicly announced that the new Israeli war cabinet, wh…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    The Preliminary Fallout of the War on Gaza

    Oct 26, 2023Mada al-Carmel

    On the morning of Saturday, October 7, the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) launched a surprise attack on Israel, targeting a string of military and civilia…

  • Policy Analysis
    IraqRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Iraq, Sudani, and the War on Gaza

    Oct 25, 2023Rend Al-Rahim

    In the space of just over two weeks, Israel’s war on Gaza has upended Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shai` al-Sudani’s year-long careful balancing of Iraq’s for…

  • Policy Analysis
    LevantRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Erdoǧan’s Calculations as the Israel-Gaza Conflict Escalates

    Oct 25, 2023Mustafa Gurbuz

    On October 20, during Friday prayers at the historic Hagia Sophia Mosque in Istanbul, Ali Erbas, the head of Turkey's state-run religious affairs directorate, …

  • Policy Analysis
    LevantConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Will Saudi Arabia Renew the “Arab Peace Initiative” as the Middle East Seethes?

    Oct 23, 2023Daniel Brumberg

    Whether Hamas’s October 7 assault has ended whatever prospects existed for forging diplomatic relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia remains to be seen. The…

  • Policy Analysis
    SyriaIdentity Politics and Sectarianization

    Syrian Kurds in an Increasingly Precarious Position

    Syrian Kurds associated with the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) are increasingly seeing their autonomous entity in northeastern Syria threatened by internal an…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    The War on Gaza: Deterrence or Inching toward Direct US Involvement?

    Oct 17, 2023Khalil E. Jahshan

    The official American position has passed through three phases in less than ten days. First, like Israel itself, Washington and its western allies suffered fro…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    A New Diplomatic Path Is Urgent after Gaza, But Without the Previous Mistakes

    Oct 16, 2023Charles W. Dunne

    The horrifying October 7 attack on Israel by Hamas militants has left the world aghast. The murder of Israelis (and Americans, French, Russians, Ukrainians, an…

  • Policy Analysis
    IranRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    On the Limits of Iran’s Policy of “Maximum Tactical Flexibility”

    Oct 13, 2023Daniel Brumberg

    At some point, the tactical balls Tehran has been juggling could fall to the ground with unpredictable or dangerous strategic results.

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    The Unlikelihood of a Hezbollah-Israel War

    Oct 13, 2023Imad K. Harb

    As Israel turns to punish the Gaza Strip and its people for the Hamas attack on October 7, speculation arises as to whether the “Al-Aqsa Flood” operation will …

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelMedia and Technology

    Disinformation and Hate Speech on Social Media Contribute to Inciting War Crimes Against Gaza

    Oct 13, 2023Tamara Kharroub

    During major events like violent conflict, there is a vacuum of verified and accurate information, as well as high interest and emotions. As the fog of war and…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Saudi-Israeli Normalization and the Hamas Attack

    When Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) sat down on September 20 with Brett Baier of Fox News for his first English-language television inter…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    The Hamas Attack on Israel: Context, Analysis, and Potential Repercussions

    On October 7, 2023, the Islamic Resistance Movement (better known by its Arabic-derived acronym, Hamas) launched a multifaceted surprise attack on Israel that …

  • Policy Analysis
    The Arabian Peninsula and The GulfEnergy and Economics

    The Geopolitics of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor

    Oct 10, 2023Giorgio Cafiero

    At the G20 summit held in New Delhi in September 2023, the leaders of France, Germany, India, Italy, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the United States,…

  • Viewpoint
    US Domestic Politics and Elections

    Chaos in the US House of Representatives

    Oct 5, 2023Imad K. Harb

    The Republican-controlled US House of Representatives just voted to oust Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) from his post, a first in the chamber’s history. The vot…

  • Viewpoint
    EgyptUS Foreign Policy

    The Menendez Fiasco: Implications for US-Egyptian Relations

    Washington has been abuzz lately over the shocking political intrigue involving the Egyptian government of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and the powerful former chairma…

  • Policy Analysis
    TurkeyEnergy and Economics

    Turkey’s Ambitions in Iraq Play Out in Kirkuk

    Oct 3, 2023Mustafa Gurbuz

    In late August, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia’ al-Sudani stirred the pot of existing tensions when he ordered the evacuation of the Iraqi military’s Joint…

  • Policy Analysis
    AlgeriaDemocracy and Governance

    In Algeria, the More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

    Oct 3, 2023Patricia Karam

    More than four years have passed since the Hirak protest movement threatened to upend Algeria’s political and military leadership structure. Since then, the co…

  • Policy Analysis

    Biden’s Gifts to Netanyahu: Making Sense of the Motivations

    Sep 28, 2023Yousef Munayyer

    A Democratic presidential administration in Washington has coincided with the most far-right Israeli government in history, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, who on m…

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    The Awkward Biden-Netanyahu Encounter Was a Dud

    Sep 22, 2023Khalil E. Jahshan

    Although the United States and Israel have enjoyed a uniquely close alliance since the latter’s declaration of statehood on May 14, 1948, the bilateral relatio…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelEducation and Development

    Political Persecution of Palestinians Using the Education System and Israeli Universities

    Sep 21, 2023Mada al-Carmel

    Since the formation of Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu’s sixth government December 29, 2022, it has become clear—as outlined in previous papers from …

  • Policy Analysis
    YemenEnergy and Economics

    Yemen’s War Economy: A Key Factor in the Ongoing Conflict

    Sep 20, 2023Afrah Nasser

    As Houthi negotiators leave Saudi Arabia after five days of talks with Saudi officials regarding the contours of a compromise solution to Yemen’s ongoing confl…

  • Policy Analysis
    LibyaRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    The Recent Libya-Israel Debacle Is Symptomatic of Larger Problems

    The controversy and severe public backlash surrounding news of a late-August meeting between the Libyan and Israeli foreign ministers in Rome is symptomatic of…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelJustice, Equality, and Human Rights

    The International Criminal Court’s Failure to Hold Israel Accountable

    Sep 12, 2023Jonathan Kuttab

    Although the International Criminal Court was created by the Rome Statute in 1994, it has never successfully been used to hold Israel to account for its abuses…

  • Policy Analysis
    KuwaitDemocracy and Governance

    Challenges Facing Kuwait’s Parliamentary Democracy

    Sep 12, 2023Imad K. Harb

    Watching Kuwait’s seemingly dysfunctional political scene gives one the impression that the country is on a course toward endless instability and disorder. Las…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelEducation and Development

    The Politics of Palestinian Universities

    Sep 8, 2023Yara M. Asi

    Many have argued that in the absence of a unified Palestinian liberation movement, and even of the ability to participate in the current mechanisms of governan…

  • Policy Analysis
    LebanonIdentity Politics and Sectarianization

    The Threat of Renewed Sectarian Violence in Lebanon

    Sep 5, 2023Patricia Karam

    Two people were killed on August 9 in the village of Kahaleh in central Lebanon, in one of the deadliest shootouts since the bloody 2021 clashes in the Tayoune…

  • The Roundup
    Palestine/Israel

    The Roundup

    Sep 1, 2023

    The Roundup is a periodic summary curated by the Palestine/Israel Program at Arab Center Washington DC, bringing together recent and important fact-based repor…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    Assessing the Abraham Accords, Three Years On

    Aug 31, 2023Dana El Kurd

    Arab-Israeli normalization is one of those curious policy areas where the Biden administration has enthusiastically pursued its predecessor’s positions, even i…

  • Policy Analysis
    Saudi ArabiaUS Foreign Policy

    The Saudi-Israeli Normalization Gambit: Deal or No Deal?

    Aug 30, 2023Khalil E. Jahshan

    After weeks of conflicting accounts from columnists and journalists about the outcome of the Biden administration’s intensive shuttle diplomacy aimed at convin…

  • Policy Analysis
    SudanConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    In Sudan, Where Is the International Community’s Responsibility to Protect?

    Aug 29, 2023Imad K. Harb

    It has been more than four months since clashes erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary Ra…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    How Steady Are China-Israel Relations?

    Aug 28, 2023Giorgio Cafiero

    The twenty-first century has witnessed China’s economic ascendancy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Its diplomatic influence in the region is growin…

  • Policy Analysis
    US Foreign Policy

    Joe Biden’s Imaginary Middle East Policy

    Aug 24, 2023Charles W. Dunne

    Over his more than four decades of service as a US senator, vice president, and now as president, Joe Biden has cultivated an image of the consummate foreign p…

  • Policy Analysis
    Saudi ArabiaThe War in Ukraine

    The Russia-Ukraine Jeddah Meeting: A Win for MBS in a Changing Global Order

    Aug 24, 2023Daniel Brumberg

    Over the first weekend of August 2023, Saudi Arabia convened an international summit on the war in Ukraine. Held in Jeddah and attended by representatives from…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    Israel Is Unlikely to Respect US Visa Waiver Program Rules

    Aug 22, 2023Zaha Hassan

    The United States recently announced that starting July 20, 2023, Israel would enter a trial period to determine whether it qualifies for admission into the US…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    Ending Military Aid to Israel: The Death of a Taboo?

    Aug 21, 2023Yousef Munayyer

    If there is one thing that characterizes American-Israeli relations more than any other it is US military aid to Israel, which currently amounts to nearly $4 b…

  • Intern Corner
    Saudi ArabiaUS Foreign Policy

    The US Position on Saudi Arabia’s Civilian Nuclear Program

    Aug 16, 2023 Seerat Sohal

    In June 2023, Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud affirmed the kingdom’s intent to enrich uranium, part of its desire to develop a civi…

  • Policy Analysis
    IranRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Russia, Iran, and the Territorial Dispute with the UAE

    Aug 16, 2023Kourosh Ziabari

    Under President Ebrahim Raisi, Iran has carved out an overseas agenda that is a patent departure from the country’s 1979 Revolution-era notion of “neither East…

  • Policy Analysis
    The Arabian Peninsula and The GulfUS Foreign Policy

    US Troop Buildup in the Gulf Reemphasizes Military Power

    The US military has recently significantly increased its presence in the Arabian Gulf, a show of force aimed primarily at deterring Iran from attacking or hara…

  • Policy Analysis
    Saudi ArabiaUS Foreign Policy

    US Negotiations for a Tripartite Agreement with Saudi Arabia and Israel: Context and Calculations

    Aug 14, 2023Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies

    Saudi Arabia and the United States are conducting complex negotiations in order to achieve a tripartite agreement that would include normalization between the …

  • Policy Analysis
    LebanonMigrants, Refugees, and IDPs

    The Plight and Politics of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

    Aug 8, 2023Patricia Karam

    When Syria’s regime was readmitted into the Arab League and its president, Bashar al Assad, rehabilitated after years of ostracism for his brutal crackdown on …

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelDemocracy and Governance

    The Persistent Illusion of Palestinian Reconciliation

    Representatives of 14 Palestinian political factions, including Fatah and Hamas, were invited to the Egyptian coastal city of El-Alamein on July 30, 2023 for r…

  • Policy Analysis
    TurkeyRegional Relations and Geopolitics

    Erdoğan Seeks Better Relations with the West after His Reelection

    Aug 7, 2023Salim Çevik

    Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan seems to have changed course on his country’s foreign relations. At the last NATO summit in Vilnius, Lithuania, he final…

  • Policy Analysis
    IraqDemocracy and Governance

    Iran’s Hardliners on the March: The Quiet Before the Storm?

    Aug 3, 2023Daniel Brumberg

    The recent redeployment of Iran’s dreaded “morality police” signals much more than a victory for the country’s hardliners. Instead, it seems to be part and par…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelDemocracy and Governance

    Fending for Themselves: The Palestinians and the Palestinian Authority

    Aug 3, 2023Yara M. Asi

    On July 3, 2023, Israeli forces raided the city of Jenin in the occupied West Bank, with a specific focus on the refugee camp that borders the municipality. Th…

  • Policy Analysis
    Palestine/IsraelConflicts and Conflict Resolution

    Hamas’s Balancing Act vis-a-vis Israel

    Jul 28, 2023Jehad Abusalim

    Continuing tensions in Palestine/Israel have led to two significant military clashes between Israel and Palestinian factions in the Gaza Strip in recent years.…

  • Policy Analysis
    EgyptEnergy and Economics

    Egypt Is in Serious Trouble Seven Decades after Its Free Officers Revolution

    Jul 25, 2023Imad K. Harb

    Seventy-one years after its July 23, 1952 Revolution, organized by the Free Officers Movement, Egypt’s difficult economic conditions threaten to unravel the ve…

  • Intern Corner
    TunisiaDemocracy and Governance

    Disinformation as a Tool of Regime Survival in Tunisia

    Jul 21, 2023C. Ian DeHaven

    Disinformation—false information created with the intent to mislead others—swamped the 2019 Tunisian presidential election, creating a confused and volatile po…

  • Viewpoint
    Palestine/IsraelUS Foreign Policy

    Americans Opt for a Democratic Israel, Not a Jewish State

    Jul 20, 2023Imad K. Harb

    The University of Maryland and Ipsos conducted a “Critical Issues Poll” from June 21 to 27 to probe Americans’ views on Israel, Zionism, and anti-Semitism. The…

  • Policy Analysis
    North AfricaSecurity and Defense

    The Fate of the Wagner Group in Syria, Libya, and Sudan

    The failed mutiny by Yevgeny Prigozhin has put the fate of his Wagner Group doubt, not only in Ukraine but in several Arab states as well.

  • Policy Analysis
    IranUS Foreign Policy

    Are the United States and Iran Moving Closer to a New Nuclear Deal?

    Jul 14, 2023Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies

    The last few weeks have witnessed an active diplomatic movement between Tehran and Western countries, especially the United States, regarding resolving the cri…

  • Policy Analysis
    IraqDemocracy and Governance

    Sudani’s Premiership Is Failing in the Iraqi Fight Against Corruption

    Jul 12, 2023Patricia Karam

    When Mohammed Shia` al-Sudani became prime minister of Iraq, he made it a priority to combat endemic corruption in the country and help restore citizen trust i…